Future Perfect Continuous

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Future Perfect Continuous

Positive sentence: Subjective+ will/ shall+have+ been+ Verb-ing+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+ will/ shall+ have+ not+been+ Verb-ing+ Complement.

Question: Will/ Shall + subjective+have+ been+ Verb-ing + Complement?
The Future Perfect Progressive Tense is used:
– To show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future
Ex: James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia.
– To talk about something that finishes just before another time or action (in this case, in the future)
Ex:  I will be tired when I get home because I will have been walking for over an hour.
- Time Expressions Used with Future Perfect Progressive
-   By + this year/ month/ week
-   Next year/ month/ week
-   For + an hour, for 5 years
-   By then
-   Since morning, since 1995

-   By tomorrow

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Future Perfect Simple

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Future Perfect Simple

Positive sentence: Subjective+ will/ shall+ have+ Perfect Verb+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+will/ shall+ have+ not+Perfect Verb+ Complement.

Question: Will/ Shall+ subjective+have+ Perfect Verb + Complement?

The Future Perfect is used:

– To talk about an action that will finish before a certain time in the future

Ex: By eight o’clock tomorrow, I will have taken off for Japan.

– To talk about an action that will be completed before another event takes place

Ex: She will have learnt Chinese before she moves to China.

– To express conviction that something happened in the near past

Ex: The guests will have arrived at the hotel by now. (I’m sure the guests have arrived at the hotel.)

Time Expressions Used with Future Perfect Tense

- By + …

-  By the time

-  Before

-  Until/till

-  By then

-  By the end of + …

-  By tomorrow 

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Future Continuous

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Future Continuous

Positive sentence: Subjective+ will/ shall+ be+ Verb-ing+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+ will/ shall+ be+ not+Verb-ing+ Complement.

Question:  Will/ Shall+ subjective+be+ Verb-ing + Complement?
The Future Progressive Tense is used:

-  To describe interrupted actions in the future

Ex: When you come tomorrow, they will be playing tennis.

- To express actions in progress at a specific time in the future

Ex: At 12 o’clock tomorrow, we will be having lunch at school.

-  To refer to actions that are happening now and expected to continue some time in the future

Note: combined with “still”

Ex: Unfortunately, sea levels will still be rising in 20 years.

-  To ask a question politely about the future

Ex: Will you be bringing your friend to the party tonight?

- To emphasize  future plans and intentions

Ex: He‘ll be coming to visit us next week.

-  To describe atmosphere in the future

Ex: When I arrive at the party everybody will be celebrating, some will be dancing, other will be talking.

-  To express parallel actions or series of parallel actions in the future

Ex:She will be watching TV, and he will be cooking dinner.

-Time Expressions with The Future Progressive 

In the future;   Next week;   Next time;   Next year;   At this moment next year;   At this time tomorrow;   At 5 p.m tomorrow; …

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Future Simple

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Future Simple

Positive sentence: Subjective+ will/ shall+ Infinitive Verb without 'to"+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+ will/ shall+ not+ Infinitive Verb without 'to"+ Complement.

Question: Will/ Shall+ subjective+ Infinitive Verb without"to"+ Complement?

The future simple tense is used:

-For Actions Decided at the moment of Speech

Ex: I have a toothache. I‘ll take a medicine.

- For Unplanned Future Actions

Ex: Winter will come soon.

- For Offering, Asking for a Request Promising, Ordering, Threatening

Ex: I’m afraid we will get wet.

- For Unpreventable Actions in Future

Ex: Summer will come soon.

- With Conditional, Time and Purpose Clauses

Ex: When I arrive at home, I will call you.

- For Thoughts, Predictions, Assumptions, Sureness, Fears about Future

Ex: I promise I won’t tell this anyone.

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Past Perfect Continuous

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Past Perfect Continuous

Positive sentence: Subjective+ had+ been+ Verb-ing+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+ had+ not+been+ Verb-ing+ Complement.

Question: Had + subjective+been+ Verb-ing + Complement?

The Past Perfect Progressive is used:

-   To describe a past action, already started and continued up to another action or time in the past

Ex: The boys had been playing soccer for about an hour when it started to rain.

-   To express the duration before something in the past

Ex: Richard needed a holiday because he had been working hard for six months.

-   To describe the cause of something in the past

Ex: He was tired because he had been jogging.

- Adverbs of Time

  When;   Before;   By the time;   For;   Since; …

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Past Perfect Simple

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Past Perfect Simple

Positive sentence: Subjective+ had+ Perfect Verb+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+had+ not+Perfect Verb+ Complement.

Question: Had + subjective+Perfect Verb + Complement?
The Past Perfect Tense is used:
- To describe an action finished before another past action

       Ex: Richard had gone out when his wife arrived in the office.

-  To describe an action that happened before a specific time in the past.

Ex: Christine had never been to an opera before last night.

-  To describe cause and effect (combine with Past Simple)

Ex: I got stuck in traffic because there had been an accident.

-  To emphasize the result of an activity in the past

Ex: I had been to London twice by the time I got a job in New York.

- Time Expressions Used with the Past Perfect Tense

Already;   Yet;   For;   Since;   Just;   After;   Before;   Until;   The moment that;  …

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Past Continuous

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Past Continuous

Positive sentence: Subjective+ was/ were+ Verb-ing+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+ was/ were+ not+Verb-ing+ Complement.

Question:  Was/ Were+ subjective+Verb-ing + Complement?
The Past Continuous is used:
- To describe Parallel Actions
The Past Progressive is often used to denote an action that was interrupted by an event, or for two actions taking place in parallel.
Ex: While I was washing the dishes, I heard a loud noise.
While you were washing the dishes, Sue was walking the dog.To express specific Time as an Interruption.
- To describe what someone was doing at a particular point in time
Ex: I was working in the garden all day yesterday.
That could also be expressed using the simple past, as I worked…, which implies that the action is viewed as a unitary event (although the effective meaning is not very different).
- To express interrupted Action in the Past
Often the Past Progressive is mixed with the Past Simple to show what was happening when something happened.
Ex: I was driving to work when I crashed my car.
      I watched a movie while I was flying to Dubai.
-To describe repetition and irritation.
He was always complaining in class.
Note
For stative verbs that do not use the progressive aspect, the simple past is used instead.
Ex: At three o’clock yesterday we were in the garden.
- Time Expressions Used with the Past Progressive Tense
When;   While;   Always;   Constantly;   At that time;   In those days;   All day;   All the evening;   For hours; … 

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Past Simple

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Past Simple

Positive sentence: Subjective+ Past Verb+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+ did+ not+ Infinitive Verb without 'to"+ Complement.

Question: Did+ subjective+ Infinitive Verb without"to"+ Complement?
The Simple Past is used:

-   To express completed action in the past

Ex: I saw a ghost last Friday.

-   To describe a series of completed actions in the past

Ex: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

-   To express habits in the past

Ex: When I was young, I watched lots of television every day after school.

-    For stative verbs, which are verbs that do not express an action, but a state of mind or being  E.g. have (own), be, think (believe), know, dislike, need, owe, understand, wish

Ex: He had a small cottage in the woods.

Time Expressions with Past Simple Tense

Yesterday;   Ago;    Last month;    Last week;    Last year;    In 2003;    In 2007;    …

Thanks

Mrs.ET Sopheak

Lecturer in Economics

Present Perfect Continuous

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Present Perfect Continuous

Positive sentence: Subjective+ have/ has+ been+ Verb-ing+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+ have/ has+ not+been+ Verb-ing+ Complement.

Question: Have/ Has + subjective+been+ Verb-ing + Complement?

The Present Perfect Progressive tense is used to:

-   Express long actions that started in the past and continue until now

Ex: I‘ve been living in Ireland for almost 4 years.

      I‘ve been studying all day and I’m absolutely exhausted now.

-   Express recent actions that have clear evidence or results now

Ex: You’ve lost a lot of weight. Have you been going to the gym?

      Her eyes are red because she‘s been crying all evening.

-   Typically used for shorter, more temporary situations

Ex: Have they been learning English this week?

-   Note:

Always use the present perfect simple (not continuous) with the verbs believe, know,

understand, like/dislike, belong, own:

Ex: We‘ve known each other since we were kids.

I‘ve never understood math very well.

He‘s always liked sports.

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Present Perfect Simple

Dear all my beloved readers!
Mr.ET Sopheak
Tel: 012289363 / 0976469625

Present Perfect Simple

Positive sentence: Subjective+ have/ has+ Perfect Verb+ Complement.

Negative Sentence: Subjective+ have/ has+ not+Perfect Verb+ Complement.

Question: Have/ Has + subjective+Perfect Verb + Complement?
The Present Perfect Simple is used:

-   To express things you have done in your life

Ex: I’ve been to England.

      She has never studied Japanese.

-  To express number of times you have done something

Ex: I’ve been to Paris three times.

      How many times have you tried to call her?

-  To describe recently completed actions which are important now

Ex: I have some bad news. I’ve lost my job.

      I can’t play football tonight – I’ve hurt my leg.

-   To express situations that started in the past and are still true

Ex: I’ve known James for 4 or 5 years.

      She’s been the director of that company since 2007.

-   To describe unfinished actions or situations

Ex: I’ve known Julie for ten years. (I met her ten years ago and I still know her)

      We have lived here since 2004.

-   To express present result

Ex: I’ve lost my keys.

     John has missed the bus, so he’ll be late.

Time Adverbs in Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is commonly used with the indefinite time adverbs (time

expressions):  Just;    Already;   Yet;    For;    Since;   Never;   Ever;       Still;       …

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